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用定語(yǔ)從句造句
想要利用定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行造句,那么應(yīng)該如何造句更好呢?下面就和小編一起來(lái)看看吧。
一.指人的關(guān)系代詞有who、whose、whom、that.試分析:
Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.
MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.
Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)注:
A.指人時(shí)有時(shí)只用who不宜用that。
1.先行詞為one、ones或anyone
(1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.
。2)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
2.先行詞為these時(shí)
ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.
3.在therebe開(kāi)頭的句子中
Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.
4.一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)宜用who,以免重復(fù)。
Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.
5.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中
A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.
B.主句以who開(kāi)頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二.指物的關(guān)系代詞有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.試分析:
1.Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.
2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.
3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)
4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)
注:
A.介詞如果位于作為其賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí),只能用whom、which不能用who或that.
(1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.
(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.
B.部分短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞拆開(kāi),在定語(yǔ)從句中其介詞不可前置,只能放在其動(dòng)詞之后。
Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?
Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.
Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing’sson.
C.指物時(shí),下列情況下只能用that,不宜用which。
。1)先行詞為不定代詞,如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。
Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.
Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
。2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、修飾時(shí)。
ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.
。3)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.
Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.
。4)如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)(先行詞既有人又有物),定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用which和who都不合適,只能用that。
Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.
Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.
。5)如果先行詞被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修飾時(shí)。
Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.
。6)當(dāng)主句是以which開(kāi)頭的特殊問(wèn)句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞只用that。
Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?
D.只物時(shí),下列情況下只能用which,不宜用that。
。1)關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后
Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.
(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中
Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.
。3)that,Those作主語(yǔ)時(shí)
ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.
E.先行詞前有such、thesame、as時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as,不用that,但thesame…as…表示同樣的,thesame…that…表示同一的
Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.
Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.
三.比較When/which、where/which、why.
whichIstillneverforget.
ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.
whichhespentreadingthebooks.
whereIfoundthebook.
whichmakesmachines.
Thisistheplacewhichweoncevisited.
whichIwillneverforget.
whichIamlookingfor.
限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:
限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassed.學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了,不努力的沒(méi)及格。)Allthestudents,whostudyhardhavepassed.所有的學(xué)生都及格了,他們學(xué)習(xí)努力。(沒(méi)有人不及格,這些學(xué)生都很努力。)
從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正確。)從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影響。)與主句關(guān)系密切,不用逗號(hào)與主句關(guān)系不十分密切,用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí),從句譯在先行詞前,與先行詞用“的”連接譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí),從句放在主句后面關(guān)系代詞that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物)關(guān)系代詞不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物)關(guān)系代詞代替賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略關(guān)系代詞不能省略關(guān)系代詞as和which
先研究下面兩個(gè)例句:
○1.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycansee.=Aseverybodycansee,thiselephantislikeasnake.任何人都看得出來(lái),這頭象像條蛇。
○2.Tomdidn’tpassthephysicsexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.Tom物理考試不及格,這使得他父親很生氣。
這兩個(gè)例句中,as和which所代表的都是整個(gè)主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有兩點(diǎn)不同之處:
1.在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的前面;而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面。
2.在意義上,as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系,常譯為“正如……”,“就像……”,而which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系,或which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。因此,在意思通順的情況下,which可代替as,而as許多時(shí)候不能代替which,如句○2。再如:
1.Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.正如我們所料,他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們?cè)缇土系降摹?/p>
2.Thestreethasn’tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.街道好多星期沒(méi)有打掃了,因此整條街很臟。(不用as)
3.Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢(qián)財(cái),這是不光彩的。(不用as)
4.Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.他每天運(yùn)動(dòng),這對(duì)他的身體很有好處。(不用as)
5.Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,Englishisratherdifficultforaforeigner.正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣,英語(yǔ)對(duì)于初學(xué)者說(shuō),是相當(dāng)難學(xué)的。在such…as…、thesame…as…、as…、asmany…/muchas…等結(jié)構(gòu)中,as不能用which代替。如:
1.Suchbooksasthisaretoodifficultforbeginners.這樣的書(shū)對(duì)于初學(xué)的人來(lái)說(shuō)是太難了。
=Bookssuchasthisare…
=Bookslikethisare…
2.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(does).我和他住再同一座大樓里。
3.Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.他認(rèn)識(shí)所有到會(huì)的人。
4.Thatdayweallgotupearlyasusual.那天我們和平時(shí)一樣,都起得很早。
“Oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)情況
這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟定語(yǔ)從句所*近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如:
1.Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.
2.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.
3.SheisoneofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.
4.Thisisoneofthemostfamousplaysthatwerewritteninthethirties,
如果oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有theonly、thevery之類的限定語(yǔ),后面定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式,這是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句在意義上修飾的是而不是那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:
1.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.(修飾theonlyone)
HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修飾theteachers)
2.Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修飾theonlyone)
Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修飾rooms)
as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)可以互換,但下列情況多用as。
1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句居句首時(shí)。Asweallknow,theearthisround.
2.當(dāng)與such或thesame連用時(shí),一般用as。Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.
3.當(dāng)從句和主句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí),用as,反之則用which。Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.
4.as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如beknown,besaid,bereported等,如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。
Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.
Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.
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